Postoperative Care After Knee Replacement Surgery

Knee replacement surgery is an effective procedure to reduce pain and improve joint function in patients with severe knee damage. While the surgery yields positive results, it requires a prolonged recovery period and careful postoperative care. This care is crucial for preventing complications, accelerating recovery, and returning to normal life. Patients must diligently follow all instructions provided by their healthcare provider, including pain management, wound care, physiotherapy exercises, and dietary guidelines, which are discussed in detail below.

Using Assistive Devices After Knee Replacement Surgery

After knee replacement surgery, the use of assistive devices such as walkers or crutches is essential for supporting the knee and facilitating movement. These devices help reduce pressure on the new joint, prevent falls, and improve patient balance. The duration of use depends on factors like the patient's physical condition, type of surgery, and recovery speed.

• Walkers: In the initial weeks after surgery, walkers are recommended for stability and ease of movement. Walkers help distribute weight evenly and reduce the risk of falls.
• Transition to Crutches: As recovery progresses, typically 4 to 6 weeks post-surgery, patients can switch to crutches. Using a single crutch on the opposite side of the operated leg is advised to maintain balance and minimize stress on the new joint.
• Independent Walking: Around 6 to 12 weeks after surgery, with improved muscle strength and balance, patients may begin walking without assistive devices upon their doctor's approval. Crutches may still be used for long distances if needed.

Wound and Dressing Care

Proper care of surgical wounds and dressing changes after knee replacement surgery is crucial to prevent infection and promote faster healing.

• The initial dressing is usually applied by medical staff in the hospital.
• After discharge, follow your doctor's instructions for changing the dressing, typically every 2 to 3 days.
• Keep the surgical site clean and dry, and avoid touching the wound with unclean hands. Use only the antiseptic solutions prescribed by your doctor for cleaning around the wound.
• Notify your doctor immediately if you observe signs of infection such as excessive redness, swelling, or unusual discharge.
• Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection and must be taken as directed.

Sutures:

• Absorbable sutures do not require removal, whereas non-absorbable sutures are typically removed 10 to 20 days after surgery, depending on the doctor's assessment.

The Importance of Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is a vital component of recovery after knee replacement surgery. This therapeutic intervention helps patients restore natural knee function and return to daily activities. After surgery, movement of the new joint may be limited due to stiffness, pain, or muscle weakness. Physiotherapy aims to:

• Strengthen the muscles around the knee.
• Improve range of motion.
• Reduce pain and prevent complications like joint stiffness or blood clots.
• Physiotherapy typically begins immediately after surgery, often the day after, to maximize recovery benefits.

The Role of Nutrition in Recovery

Proper nutrition is essential for faster healing and restoring health after surgery. A well-balanced diet supports wound healing, reduces inflammation, and strengthens the immune system. Key nutritional components include:

• Proteins: Found in lean meats, eggs, and legumes, essential for tissue repair.
• Fruits and Vegetables: Provide vitamins and antioxidants that promote healing.
• Calcium and Vitamin D: Support bone health and recovery.
• Fiber: Helps maintain digestive health during periods of reduced mobility.

By adhering to these postoperative care guidelines, patients can ensure a smoother recovery and better long-term outcomes after knee replacement surgery.